Archive for November, 2008

Iraqis burn Bush effigy to protest US pact

November 21, 2008

HAMZA HENDAWI | The Huffington Post,  November 21,  2008

Compare 10:38 AM EST10:22 AM EST08:08 AM EST07:24 AM EST06:27 AM EST06:07 AM EST05:11 AM EST04:26 AM EST03:29 AM EST and 10:38 AM EST10:22 AM EST08:08 AM EST07:24 AM EST06:27 AM EST06:07 AM EST05:11 AM EST04:26 AM EST03:29 AM EST versions


“The government must know that it is the people who help it in the good and the bad times. If it throws the occupier out, all the Iraqi people will stand by it,” the sermon read, using common rhetoric for the United States.

Al-Sadr reiterated that his followers in both his movement’s armed and peaceful factions will continue to work for the removal of U.S. forces.

The protesters placed the Bush effigy on the same pedestal where U.S. Marines toppled the ousted dictator’s statue in one of the iconic images of the 2003 U.S.-led invasion. The effigy held a sign that described the pact as “shame and humiliation.”

After a mass prayer, demonstrators pelted the Bush effigy with plastic water bottles and sandals. One man hit it in the face with his sandal. The effigy fell head first into the crowd and protesters jumped on it before setting it ablaze.

The uproar this week suggests that the security pact could remain divisive as the country struggles for reconciliation after years of war.

For Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki’s Dawa party and the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council, its senior government partner, the margin of support is almost as important as the victory itself. A narrow passage will cast doubt on the legitimacy of the new terms governing the U.S. troop presence.

Iraq’s most influential Shiite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, said the deal would be acceptable only if approved by a wide margin in parliament. Al-Sistani enjoys enormous influence among Iraq’s Shiite majority.

Al-Sadr’s movement’s popularity suffered with the involvement of some militiamen in protection and black market rackets as well as the general fatigue from the on-and-off fighting.

But the movement has retained a loyal base of support in Baghdad and across much of the Shiite south of Iraq, largely because of its nationalist credentials and the perceived failure of rival Shiite parties to improve services in provinces under their control.

The Sadrists’ opposition to the agreement however was likely to win it support in a country where the U.S. presence is seen as an occupation.

Security was tight for Friday’s protest, with the area closed to traffic and heavily guarded by Iraqi soldiers in Humvees. Army snipers took positions on rooftops overlooking the square. The Sadrists also provided their own security, searching worshippers as they approached the square.

The protesters included two Sunni clerics. Many arrived at the square on foot or by bus and carried prayer rugs, pieces of cardboard or newspapers for the mass prayer. They waved Iraqi flags and green Shiite banners, chanting, “No, no to the agreement of humiliation!”

If the agreement passes the legislature, it will go to the president and his two deputies for ratification. Each one has veto power.

Maguire: UN should suspend Israeli membership

November 21, 2008

img_6672_wa.jpg
Maguire, in rally several months ago in Naalin (Photo: Activestyles) Associated Press

ynetnews.com, November 20, 2008

Nobel laureate decries humanitarian situation in Gaza, accuses Israel of ignoring UN resolutions

Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Maguire says the United Nations should suspend or revoke Israel’s membership.

Maguire, in a news conference Thursday, said that it’s time for the international community to take action against Israel. She claimed Israel should be punished for ignoring a series of United Nations resolutions over the years.

Maguire, who won the 1976 peace prize for her work with Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, is currently visiting the Palestinian territories to protest Israel’s blockade of the Gaza Strip.

Wednesday, United Nations Secretary General Ban ki-Moon contacted Prime Minister Ehud Olmert regarding the situation in Gaza and urging Israel to allow UN aid workers into the coastal enclave.

“The secretary-general (expressed) his deep concern over the consequences of the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Gaza,” the UN press office said in a statement.

“He strongly urged the prime minister to facilitate the freer movement of urgently needed humanitarian supplies and of concerned United Nations personnel into Gaza,” it said.

Israel allowed 33 truckloads of supplies into Gaza for the first time in two weeks on Monday, and Olmert told Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas that he would not permit a humanitarian crisis to develop there.

Pakistan “Protests” US Drone Strike in Bannu

November 21, 2008

Antiwar.com

Posted November 20, 2008

The Pakistani government has summoned US Ambassador Anne Patterson to lodge a formal protest over yesterday’s US missile attack in Bannu District. The strike, which is reported to have killed six people, is just the latest in a long series of US strikes aimed at militants around the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.

There seems to be considerably more consternation from the Pakistani public about the latest attack in that it hit the North-West Frontier Province as opposed to the much more loosely controlled Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of North and South Waziristan, which are normally the site of US strikes. Bannu borders both FATA agencies, and is only about 10 miles from Miramshah, but is still somewhat farther from the Afghan border than most American strikes.

Pakistani militants in the area are also upset by the strike, and TTP spokesman Ahmadullah Ahmadi said his group would start “revenge attacks” across other districts if the drone strikes are repeated after November 20.

The Pakistani government often publicly condemns the US strikes, and has on prior occasions summoned the US ambassador over them. Still, earlier this week it was reported that there exists a “tacit agreement” between the two nations regarding the strikes, wherein the US would not admit to the attacks and the Pakistani government would publicly condemn but privately condone them. This subjects the latest Pakistani condemnation to more scrutiny than the previous ones, and may leave the public wondering whether the “protest” is authentic or just another in a series of scripted events done for our benefit.

Related Stories

compiled by Jason Ditz [email the author]

Are U.S. troops coming home?

November 21, 2008

Eric Ruder reports on the details of the status of forces agreement signed by U.S. and Iraqi officials.

U.S. soldiers kick in the door of a building in Buhriz, Iraq (Army.mil)U.S. soldiers kick in the door of a building in Buhriz, Iraq (Army.mil)

“TODAY IS a historic day for Iraqi-American relations,” said Iraqi Foreign Minister Hoshyar Zebari as Iraq’s government signed a status of forces agreement November 17 that would authorize the continued presence of U.S. troops in Iraq through the end of 2011. The agreement now must be approved by a majority of Iraq’s 275-seat parliament, which is expected to happen in the next week.

Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki said the agreement ensured that “there shall be no permanent bases for the United States on Iraqi soil,” and that “Iraq will remain a sovereign, free and independent state and have the absolute liberty to manage its own riches.”

But Maliki also felt compelled to add that “the agreement contains no secret clauses”–an acknowledgment of the anger and mistrust that have characterized the debate surrounding negotiations.

The bulk of the Iraqi population bitterly opposes a continued U.S. presence and fears that the Maliki government might not disclose essential details about the agreement–a strategy that the U.S. is known to have employed to conceal unpopular clauses of similar agreements with other countries.

Shia cleric Moktada al-Sadr has called for a pan-Muslim Friday prayer in central Baghdad’s Firdous Square followed by a massive peaceful demonstration against the agreement. “Let all unite to foil the signing of the agreement that sells Iraq to the occupier, just like our holy lands in Palestine and other Arab and Islamic lands were sold before,” declared Sadr.

For months, the U.S. has put pressure on Iraq’s government to sign the agreement, since the United Nations mandate authorizing the U.S. military presence in Iraq expires at the end of 2008. But the Maliki government refused to go along until it was able to force several important concessions out of the U.S.

Not only did Iraq get the right to prosecute criminal acts committed by private contractors such as Blackwater and Halliburton while on duty, but the U.S. is also now required to seek prior approval to carry out operations or place an Iraqi national under detention.

The U.S. did grant that American soldiers could also fall under Iraqi jurisdiction–but only in such limited circumstances that the concession is purely symbolic.

The U.S. also agreed not to use Iraq as a launching pad for operations in other countries in the region–a key provision for winning the approval of Iran’s government, which could have used its ties to Iraq’s Shia leadership to stall or scuttle signing of the agreement.

The agreement also calls for the pullback of U.S. combat troops from Iraqi cities, towns and villages by July 2009 to U.S. bases in Iraq as a transition to the full withdrawal of all U.S. troops by the end of 2011. The U.S. had sought to make such withdrawals contingent on improving conditions in Iraq, but the government refused to agree to that.

The significant concessions made by the U.S. are a dramatic shift in the situation from several months ago when it appeared that the U.S. had the ability to dictate terms to Iraq’s government.

In the words of historian Gareth Porter, “The [agreement] represents a formal recognition of a remarkable shift in power relations between an occupying power and the state created under its protection. What had appeared to be a safely dependent client regime was instead a regime that was waiting for the right moment to assert real control over the military presence of that power.”

Continued >>

US judge orders release of Guantánamo five

November 21, 2008

• ‘No legal basis’ to detain Algerians seized in Bosnia
• 200 more habeas corpus petitions awaiting rulings

A US judge ruled yesterday that five Algerian prisoners held in Guantánamo Bay must be set free, in a decision with far-reaching implications for the remaining detainees at the base in Cuba.

District court judge Richard Leon ruled in a Washington DC court that there was no legal basis to keep the five in prison. It is the first verdict in more than 200 habeas corpus petitions being brought before the US courts. The petitions challenge the American government to prove that there is evidence to justify keeping the men in Guantánamo Bay. The judge, known for his conservative views, said the US government should not appeal.

“The decision by Judge Leon lays bare the flimsy basis on which Guantánamo has been founded – at best, slim evidence of dubious quality, at worst, nothing,” said Zachary Katznelson, legal director of Reprieve, the British legal action charity whose lawyers represent 33 Guantánamo prisoners. “This is a tough, no-nonsense judge. If he found there wasn’t evidence to justify holding the men, you can be sure it wasn’t there.”

President-elect Barack Obama has promised to close down the prison camp as soon as he takes office, saying that Guantánamo “has done much to besmirch the reputation of the United States”.

His team is considering what to do with detainees. One possibility is the setting up of “security courts”, but the new administration is well aware it faces major diplomatic, political, and legal problems.

The latest hearing involved six Algerian nationals, five of whom are also Bosnian citizens and who were originally accused of plotting to blow up the US embassy in Bosnia. The men had been acquitted on these charges in Bosnia but were seized by the US and rendered to Guantánamo Bay.

“It is an illustration of the catastrophic policies of the Bush administration – ignoring the legitimate ruling of the court of an ally, rendering these men away from their homes and families, and holding them without legal recourse in Guantánamo Bay for six years,” said Clive Stafford Smith, director of Reprieve. “There are plenty more cases of injustice ahead of us, including the plight of the British residents who remain in this terrible place.”

Judge Leon’s ruling on the detainees is the first since the US supreme court ruled in June that every prisoner in Guantánamo had the right to contest his imprisonment in the civilian courts.

Reading his ruling as the detainees listened in Guantánamo via a telephone link, Leon said the US government failed to show the five detainees had planned to travel to Afghanistan to fight US forces.

Ordering the release of the five, Leon said the allegation was based on a single source, and he did not have enough information to judge the source’s reliability or credibility. He ordered the US government to take all necessary and diplomatic steps to facilitate their release “forthwith”.

The judge ruled the government did provide enough evidence that the sixth detainee, Belkacem Bensayah, had planned to take up arms against the United States in Afghanistan.

Lawyers acting for Binyam Mohamed, a British resident held at Guantánamo Bay, are demanding his release. They want US documents – some of which have been seen by the British government – to be disclosed, saying they will reveal that Mohamed had been tortured.

US Drone Strike Kills 6, Pakistan Party Angered

November 20, 2008

Antiwar.com, November 19, 2008

A US drone strike hit Bannu District in Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province today, killing six suspected militants. Bannu District borders both North and South Waziristan, the usual site of US missile attacks, but the strike was farther from the Afghan border than US drones generally stray for their attacks.

Among those reported killed was Abdullah Azzam al-Saudi, who is described in media accounts as a “senior member” of al-Qaeda or a “major operative.” Nothing else is known about al-Saudi, and there appears to be no prior mention of him in any reports before his apparent death today.

Qazi Hussain Ahmed, the chief of Pakistan’s Jamaat-e Islami (JI), condemned the US strike, and cautioned that “if these missile attacks continue, then we will ask the people to create hurdles in the way of supplies for NATO.” JI is Pakistan’s oldest religious party, and has remained an influential opposition party despite boycotting the most recent election over then-President Pervez Musharraf’s state of emergency.

By far the largest and most important supply route into Afghanistan is through Pakistan’s Khyber Agency. The pass has been beset by a growing number of hijackings in recent days and the Pakistani government has had to close it on more than one occasion due to security concerns. US officials have been searching diligently for an alternate route, potentially an overland route across Europe into northern Afghanistan. Such a route seems enormously inconvenient, but if Pakistan becomes closed to them, there don’t appear to be any other better alternatives.

Related Stories

compiled by Jason Ditz [email the author]

Will The US Government Accept Responsibility For The Slaughter Of Over 1,000,000 Iraqis.

November 20, 2008


By Michael Schwartz | Huffington Post, Nov 18, 2008

Will The US Government And Media Finally Report The Slaughter Of Iraqis By The US Military?

I recently received a set of questions from Le Monde Diplomatique reporter Kim Bredesen about the 2007 Project Censored story about 1,000,000 Iraqi deaths due to the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq. The questions and answers are, I think, useful in framing both the untold story of the slaughter in Iraq and the failure of the U.S. media to report on its extent or on U.S. culpability for the deaths of 4% of the Iraqi population.

Bredeson : I observed recently that your story on Iraqi deaths caused by US occupation became story no. 1 in this year’s listing by Project Censored. I wondered if I could ask you a few questions on e-mail regarding this issue?

Regards,
Kim Bredesen, Le Monde diplomatiqe (Norway)

These are my questions.

1.Do you expect that the new administration under Barrack Obama will acknowledge the validity of the statistics concerning Iraqi deaths caused by the US occupation force?

It is always difficult to predict the political future, but even if the Obama administration pursues a very different policy in Iraq and the Middle East, I doubt it will acknowledge the amount of violence caused by the war during its first six years. Historically, the U.S. government has a poor record of acknowledging its responsibility for death and/or destruction of other peoples, beginning with the genocide against Native Americans (never officially acknowledged), continuing through two hundred years of the slave trade and slavery (there has actually been a limp official apology), and culminating in the ongoing refusal to acknowledge one to three million deaths in Vietnam caused by the U.S. attempt to conquer that country.

2.You mention in your update to Censored 2009 that there is a media blackout about the dramatic statistics in US mass media. Do you think this will change?

I think that the U.S. mainstream media has a poor record of acknowledging the many instances in which it has (collectively) failed to  maintain its constitutionally mandated independence from government policy, and instead has ignored or written false reports supporting government malfeasance and tyranny. It was refreshing that the New York Times and Washington Post acknowledged their failure to report the contrary evidence to the US government claims about WMDs in Iraq, but this is a rare moment that has not led to more independent reporting on other U.S. government action in the Middle East.

I think that we can expect the U.S. mainstream media to continue to compromise its journalistic integrity in reporting on Iraq, and this will mean failing to report its own suppression of the Lancet studies and continuing to misreport the U.S. role in the Iraq war. This expectation is, of course, speculation, but the best evidence for this speculation is the fact that the major media have been withdrawing their personnel from Iraq, instead of taking advantage of more favorable security conditions to send reporters to locations that were previously inaccessible and therefore more thoroughly report the impact of the war on Iraqi life.

3.How have you experienced the coverage about the issue in other Western or international media, have they taken the situation in Iraq more seriously?

I find the reporting in Al Jazeera, the British national press, other international media, and independent U.S. media far more comprehensive in their coverage of the Iraq war. I would not say that they take the situation more “seriously,” – there has never been a problem with the U.S. media taking the war seriously. The differences are in very specific parts of the coverage: reporting on U.S. involvement in deaths and destruction, reporting on Iraqi resistance to the U.S. presence; reporting on the economic and social chaos caused by U.S. military, political, and economic policies in Iraq; reporting on who is fighting against the U.S.; reporting on the actual reality of life under U.S. occupation; and reporting on the day-to-day antagonism of Iraqis to the U.S. presence.

I should add, however, that these failures are not so much failures of U.S. mainstream reporters, but of the editors and publishers who assign reporters to particular stories and not to others. There are many reporters who fit information about all these issues into assignments that are aimed at other subjects. One small example will illustrate what I mean. In reporting about the U.S. offensive in Haifa Street in January 2007, mainstream reporters (for McClatchy and the Washington Post, if memory serves me) whose assignment was to report on the successful capture by U.S. troops of an insurgent stronghold also described the destructiveness of the U.S. attack and mentioned that U.S. soldiers stood idly by while Shia death squads cleansed the neighborhood of Sunnis. This information appeared toward the end of published reports, but it was published nevertheless. In contrast, a CBS report on the overarching destructiveness of the offensive and of the anger of residents at U.S. military actions was not broadcast and was only made public because of the protests of the censored reporter.

4.The journalist Joshua Holland compare the mass killings in Iraq with Pol Pot’s genocide in Cambodia. Is this an accurate comparison in your opinion?

Holland’s purpose in this comparison is the same as my purpose in comparing the deaths in Iraq to those in Darfur: we are trying to give people a sense of the scale of the violence wrought in Iraq by the U.S. military. The mass murders in Cambodia under Pol Pot and the displacements and genocide in Darfur–as well as so many other recent and more distant instances of such violence–all have different sources, intentions, and outcomes from the Iraq violence and from each other. The point of making these comparisons is to point out the magnitude of the slaughter in Iraq, not to make analytic comments about the dynamics of the war.

5. Do you believe it is appropriate that the Bush-administration should face trial for their actions?

In “The Fog of War,” former U.S. Secretary of Defense McNamara said to the camera that if the U.S. had lost World War II, then he and other American leaders would have stood trial as war criminals for the terrorist fire bombings of Japanese and German cities by the U.S. air force. Certainly the actions of U.S. political leaders and military commanders in ordering their troops to attack civilian targets in Iraq (for example the destruction of the city of Falluja—well publicized everywhere in the world except in the United States) fall under the same definition of war crimes that McNamara was considering in making this statement, and so it would be perfectly appropriate for Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Powell, and the various commanding generals to stand trial for these actions.

But take note that McNamara said that trials would have taken place if the U.S. had “lost.” This statement has actually turned out to be a kind of half truth. In World War II, the Japanese and Germans certainly lost, but only a relative handful of those responsible for their war crimes stood trial (the Japanese Emperor, for example, was actually restored to his throne). In the Vietnam War, most observers say that the U.S. “lost” the war, but no U.S. leaders stood trial for the many war crimes they committed during that long conflict. There is no predicting the future, but I expect that, no matter how the Iraq war ends–with either McCain’s “victory” or with the “defeat” that President Bush has repeatedly warned the U.S. citizens about—there will be no war crimes trials of U.S. political and military leadership.

2011 US Iraq withdrawal depends on conditions on the ground, says Admiral Mullen

November 20, 2008

US military leaders are comfortable with a 2011 deadline for the withdrawal of all US forces from Iraq but it should depend on conditions on the ground, the US military chief has said

Last Updated: 2:20PM GMT 18 Nov 2008

“I do think it is important that this be conditions-based,” Admiral Michael Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told reporters.

A US-Iraqi agreement approved over the weekend by the Iraqi cabinet calls for all 150,000 US troops to be out of the country by the end of 2001 regardless of the conditions on the ground.

President-Elect Barack Obama set an even tighter deadline of 16 months during the campaign.

In a television interview on Sunday, Mr Obama said he would call in the Joint Chiefs after his inauguration and “start executing a plan that draws down our troops”.

Adml Mullen said he would offer his advice to the new president, who takes office on January 20, and then follow his orders.

“Should president-elect Obama give me direction, I would carry that out. I mean, that’s what I do as a senior member of the military.”

Referring to the 2011 deadline contained in the so-called Status of Forces Agreement reached with Baghdad, Mullen said, “I certainly understand the boundaries.”

But he suggested the deal might be revisited at some point between now and then.

“And so three years is a long time. Conditions could change in that period of time,” said Adml Mullen, adding the United States will continue to talk with Baghdad “as conditions continue to evolve.”

Asked if the agreement could be changed, he said “that’s theoretically possible”.

Adml Mullen said he had discussed the agreement with General David Petraeus, the commander of US forces in Middle East and southwest Asia, and General Raymond Odierno, the US commander in Iraq.

“We’re all very comfortable that we have what we need. Conditions continue to improve,” he said.

“Clearly, moving forward in a measured way, tied to conditions as they continue to evolve over time is important,” he added.

Adml Mullen said it would take two to three years to safely withdraw all US forces from Iraq.

“It is very doable, but it’s not the kind of thing that we could do overnight,” he said.

“To remove the entire force would be, you know, two to three years, as opposed to something we could do in a very short period of time, as we’ve looked at it thus far.

“Clearly, we’d want to be able to do it safely. So when I talk about that kind of range of time, it really is conditioned by what’s going on,” he said.

UN adopts key economic, social and cultural rights instrument

November 20, 2008

The flags of member nations fly outside of United Nations headquarters in New York.

The flags of member nations fly outside of United Nations headquarters in New York.

© APGraphicsBank

Amnesty International, 19 November 2008

The international community has taken a step towards strengthening human rights protection, particularly for the world’s most marginalised people, with the adoption of a key United Nations instrument.

Amnesty International has welcomed the adoption by consensus of the ‘Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ by the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly.

The Optional Protocol will enable those who suffer violations to their rights to education, adequate housing and health and other economic, social and cultural rights to access justice at the international level, where it is denied in their countries.

Fifty-two member states from all regions have so far co-sponsored the resolution, adopting the Optional Protocol. Amnesty International has continued to call on states which have not yet co-sponsored the resolution to do so before its final adoption by the General Assembly in plenary session on 10 December

The adoption of the Optional Protocol will be a fitting way to mark the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 15 th anniversary of the Vienna World Conference on Human Rights.

The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis. Broad-based global support for the Optional Protocol at the General Assembly will be an unequivocal step to give effect to the agreement of all states in Vienna that all human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated.

After the adoption by the General Assembly plenary, the Optional Protocol will then be opened for ratification.

Activists Seek Executive Order Banning Torture

November 20, 2008

NEW YORK – Shutting down the infamous detention centre at Guantanamo Bay is just one of a series of measures to reform U.S. counterterrorism practices being urged by the watchdog organisation Human Rights Watch (HRW).

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In a report released Sunday, the New York-based HRW urged President-elect Barack Obama to quickly repudiate the abusive policies put in place by the George W. Bush administration in its “global war on terror”.”The Obama administration is going to have a difficult task to restore America’s standing in the world,” Joanne Mariner, terrorism and counterterrorism programme director at HRW, told IPS. “The Bush administration’s counterterrorism policies deeply damaged the reputation of the United States.”

HRW’s 11-step action plan — entitled “Fighting Terrorism Fairly and Effectively: Recommendations for President-elect Obama” — suggests how the U.S. could again become a credible leader in the fight for the global implementation of human rights.

“But it depends on how dramatically the Obama administration makes a clear break with the past,” Mariner added.

According to HRW, some 250 terrorist suspects are still being held as “enemy combatants” at the military detention centre at Guantanamo Bay opened in 2002. Most of the detainees have now been in custody for nearly seven years, without charge.

As president, Obama should close the detention facility — a step he has already pledged to take — and establish a task force to review all the detainees’ cases to determine whether they should be charged and brought to trial or released.

Also among the 11 steps is the abolition of military commissions to try suspected foreign terrorists. HRW argues that these commissions lack “basic fair trial guarantees” and that federal criminal courts were the “best-equipped” and “time tested” venues to handle terrorism cases.

Similarly, plans to legalise the indefinite preventive detention of suspected terrorists – based on “predictions of future dangerousness” — should be rejected by Obama, HRW says.

Justifying detention without charge by classifying people as “enemy combatants” in the “war on terror”, as has happened to suspects arrested in locations like Bosnia, Thailand and along the U.S.-Mexico border, should also be stopped.

HRW also condemned the use of torture and inhumane interrogation techniques by U.S. armed forces and intelligence agencies — “including stripping detainees naked, subjecting them to extremes of heat, cold, and noise, and depriving them of sleep for long periods”.

To ban these practices, which have led to the deaths of some detainees, Obama should quickly issue an executive order and repudiate legal memos issued by the Bush Justice Department and presidential directives under the outgoing administration that permit torture and other abuses.

HRW called on the new administration to redress victims of abusive counterterrorism policies — something which has not happened so far as the victims have effectively been shut out of U.S. courts.

Above all, past abuses should be investigated, documented and publicly reported by a non-partisan commission with subpoena power, and former government officials who were responsible for some of the crimes should not be given immunity from prosecution, the group said.

Last week, Rep. Rush Holt, a Democrat from New Jersey who chairs an intelligence oversight panel, issued a statement saying that “while an executive order [to ban torture] will not remove the need for legislation on the issue,” if Obama did so, it would “begin to restore our moral leadership on the issue”.

Holt also expressed support for the National Religious Campaign Against Torture (NRCAT), a coalition of religious groups from all over the country that is lobbying to eliminate the use of torture as a part of U.S. policy.

On Nov. 12, NRCAT held a nationwide action day with more than 50 delegations of religious leaders holding meetings with members of Congress. Thirty religious groups participated in a demonstration in front of the White House, where President Bush is spending his final days in office.

While she agreed on the need to fight terrorism, Mariner of HRW rejected many of the measures taken after the 9/11 terror attacks, emphasising that “the Bush administration entirely disregarded even basic principles of the rule of law.”

“The government addressed terrorism in an extremely counterproductive way,” Mariner said.

Instead of diminishing the terrorist threat, reports of human rights violations at Guantanamo Bay, Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq and elsewhere fuelled the recruitment of supporters for militant groups, which argued the U.S. was in fact leading a “war on Islam”.

Asked whether she believes Obama will heed the recommendations of HRW, Mariner stressed that by voting against the Military Commissions Act of 2006 to authorise trials by military courts, “Obama has already stood up against these abuses.”

The president-elect also explicitly pledged to close Guantanamo during his campaign.

“So we are confident that consistent with his message of change, his actions and his criticism, he is going to repudiate the abusive counterterrorism policies of the Bush administration,” Mariner said.